Know 44 Important Facts about India

Know 44 Important Facts about India -

1.
India covers an area of 32, 87,263 sq. km.



2.
India is 7th largest country in the world

3.
Countries having a common border with India are Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west, China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north, Myanmar to the east and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal.

4.
Sri Lanka is separated from India by sea




5.
The river systems of India can be classified into four groups viz., (i) Himalayan rivers, (ii) Deccan rivers, (iii) Coastal rivers, and (iv) Rivers of the inland drainage basin.

6.
India Climate Type - tropical monsoon

7.
Seasons 4 - (i) winter (January-February), (ii) hot weather summer (March-May); (iii) rainy south-western monsoon (June-September) and (iv) post-monsoon

8.
India’s climate is affected by two seasonal winds - the north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon.

9.
north-east monsoon or winter monsoon – blows from land to sea

10.
south-west monsoon or summer monsoon – blows from sea to land , brings rainfall

11.
The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), with its headquarters in Kolkata and 16 regional stations is responsible for surveying the faunal resources of India.

12.
India accounts for only 2.4 per cent of the world surface area of 135.79 million sq km. but we got more than 16 percent of the world population.
We need to reduce population

13.
India has about 18% of world's population and 15% of livestock population to be supported from only 2% geographical area and 1.5% of forest and pasture lands.

14.
The per capita availability of land has declined from 0.89 hectare in 1951 to 0.37 hectare in 1991 and is projected to slide down to 0.20 hectare in 2035.

15.
As far as agricultural land is concerned the per capita availability of land has declined from 0.48 hectare in 1951 to 0.16 hectare in 1991 and is likely to decline further to 0.08 hectare in 2035.



16.
India National Flag - The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.

17.
THE National flag is a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.
In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the ashok chakra. Has 24 spokes.

18.
The Flag Code of India, 2002, has taken effect from 26 January 2002

19.
The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.

20.
In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view.

21.
The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Kolkata Session of the Indian National Congress.

22.
The song Vande Mataram composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji.

23.
First time the song Vande Mataram was sung at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.

24.
Panthera tigris, a striped animal is the national animal of India

25.
The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, the national bird of India, is a colorful, swan- sized bird

26.
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India.

27.
The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the National Tree of India.

28.
Mango (Manigifera indica) is the National fruit of India.

29.
Indian constitution was adopted by Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950.

30.
India comprises 28 States and seven Union Territories. They are: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Union Territories are : Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry.

31.
The Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 are made by the President of India under Article 77 of the Constitution for the allocation of business of the Government of India.

The Ministries/Departments of the Government are created by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister under these Rules.

32.
The Cabinet Secretariat in terms of provisions of the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 functions directly under the Prime Minister.

33.
The Constitution provides for an independent body known as Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for recruitment to Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’ Gazetted posts under Central Government and for advice in various service matters.

The Chairman and members of the Commission are appointed by the President for tenure of six years or till they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

34.
To promote the use of Hindi for the official purposes of the Union, the Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department.

The Department of official language primarily aims to replace the usage of English language with Hindi in all the Central Government offices through its different activities and programmes.

35.
A Committee of Parliament on Official Language was constituted in 1976 under section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 to periodically review the progress in the use of Hindi as the Official Language of the Union

36.
For every state, there is a legislature which consists of Governor and one House or, two Houses as the case may be. In Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, there are two Houses known as legislative council (Vidhan Parishad) and legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha) in the remaining states, there is only one House known as legislative assembly.

37.
State legislature has exclusive powers over subjects enumerated in List II of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution and concurrent powers over those enumerated in List III.

38.
The superintendence, direction and control of preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, elections to Parliament and State Legislatures and elections to the offices of the President and the Vice-President of India are vested in the Election Commission of India.
It is an independent constitutional authority.

39.
Independence of the Election Commission and its insulation from executive interference is ensured by a specific provision under Article 324(5) of the Constitution that the Chief Election Commissioner shall not be removed from his office except in like manner and on like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court and conditions of his service shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.

The term of office of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners is six years from the date he/she assumes office or till the day he/she attains the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier

40.
The Parliament on 22 March 2003 enacted the Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003 and Conduct of Elections (Amendment) Rules, 2003 which came into force with effect from 22 September 2003 .
This gave arm forces to vote using proxy.

41.
India is the third largest producer and consumer of fertilizers in the world after China and the USA.

42.
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was established in 1861.
It functions as an attached office of the Department of Culture.

43.
The National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi known until Independence as Imperial Record Department was originally established in Kolkata on 11 March 1891.

44.
The Central Secretariat Library (CSL) originally known as Imperial Secretariat Library, Kolkata was established in 1891. Since 1969 the Library has been housed at Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi.


45.
Maternal deaths are defined as the number of women who die during pregnancy or within 42 days of the termination of pregnancy.
India has reduced MMR significantly from 437 per one-lakh live births in 1999 to 212
maternal death in every six minutes in 2010 to 10 minutes now year 2012

46.
More than 237 million Indians are still living in hunger – Year 2012




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Tuesday, November 30, 2010